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1.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 25(4): 349-352, 2022 10 17.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36265097

ABSTRACT

En tres meses Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales cumple un cuarto de siglo. En 1998, la entonces Societat Catalana de Seguretat i Medicina del Treball, hoy Associació Catalana de Salut Laboral, presidida por Jaume de Montserrat, anunciaba una nueva revista, que nacía con 35 años de historia y 120 números publicados en la extinguida Medicina de Empresa. Fernando G. Benavides asumía la tarea (1998-2005). Archivos nació con una clara voluntad de hacer realidad un instrumento "de difusión de información relevante, rigurosa y actual que necesita todo campo de conocimiento para su desarrollo y evolución" parafraseando a su segunda directora, Ana M García (2005-2015) y además de acuerdo con los criterios internacionales de calidad científica.….


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Pulmonary Medicine
2.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(2): 173-183, mar./abr. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-209198

ABSTRACT

Objective: What are the levels of asbestos exposure that cause each type of health effect? The objective of this study was to review the available scientific evidence on exposure levels for asbestos and their relationship to health effects. Method: An umbrella review of English-language reviews and meta-analyses, from 1980 to March 2021 was conducted. We included reviews involving quantified asbestos exposures and health outcomes. The review has been adapted to the indications of the PRISMA declaration. Methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using the AMSTAR instrument. Results: We retrieved 196 references. After applying the search strategy and quality analysis, 10 reviews were selected for in-depth analysis. For lung cancer, the highest risk was observed with exposure to amphiboles. Longer, thinner fibers had the greatest capacity to cause lung cancer, especially those > 10 μm in length. For mesothelioma, longer and thinner fibers were also more pathogenic; amphiboles ≥ 5 μm are especially associated with increased mesothelioma risk. No studies observed an increased risk for lung cancer or mesothelioma at asbestos exposure levels <0.1 f/ml. No reviews provided information on exposure concentrations for pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, there is limited evidence in humans to establish the causal relationship between gastrointestinal cancer and asbestos exposure. Conclusions: Banning all asbestos exposure remains the best measure to preventing its negative health effects. The highest quality reviews and meta-analyses support that there is little risk of lung cancer or mesothelioma at daily exposure levels below 0.1 f/ml. (AU)


Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia científica disponible sobre los niveles de exposición al asbesto y su relación con los efectos sobre la salud. Método: Se realizó una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis en inglés, desde 1980 hasta marzo de 2021. Se incluyeron revisiones que involucran exposiciones cuantificadas al asbesto y resultados de salud. La revisión se adaptó a las indicaciones de la Declaración PRISMA. La calidad metodológica de los estudios seleccionados fue evaluada mediante el instrumento AMSTAR. Resultados: Se recuperaron 196 referencias y tras aplicar la estrategia de búsqueda y analizar la calidad se seleccionaron 10 revisiones para un análisis en profundidad. Para el cáncer de pulmón, se observó mayor riesgo con la exposición a anfíboles. Las fibras más largas y delgadas presentaron mayor capacidad de causar cáncer de pulmón, especialmente aquellas de longitud >10μm. Para el mesotelioma, las fibras más largas y delgadas también fueron más patógenas; los anfíboles ≥ 5μm se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de mesotelioma. Ningún estudio observó mayor riesgo de cáncer de pulmón o de mesotelioma con niveles de exposición al asbesto <0,1 f/ml. Ningún estudio proporcionó información sobre concentraciones de exposición para la fibrosis pulmonar. Actualmente existe evidencia limitada en humanos para establecer la relación causal entre la exposición al asbesto y el cáncer gastrointestinal. Conclusiones: Prohibir toda exposición al asbesto es la mejor medida para prevenir sus efectos negativos para la salud. Las revisiones y metaanálisis de más alta calidad respaldan que hay escaso riesgo de cáncer de pulmón y de mesotelioma con niveles de exposición diaria por debajo de 0,1 f/ml. (AU)


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Asbestos , Permissible Limit of Occupational Hazards , Pulmonary Fibrosis , Lung Neoplasms , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms , Mesothelioma
3.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202777

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo es un comentario del artículo: Proper KI, van Oostrom SH. The effectiveness of workplace health promotion interventions on physical and mental health outcomes - a sys-tematic review of reviews. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019;45(6):546-559. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3833.(AU)


This text is a commentary on the article: Proper KI, van Oostrom SH. The effectiveness of workplace health promotion interventions on physical and mental health outcomes - a sys-tematic review of reviews. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019;45(6):546-559. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3833.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Adult , Health Promotion , Workplace , Chronic Disease , Impacts of Polution on Health
4.
Gac Sanit ; 36(2): 173-183, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34120777

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: What are the levels of asbestos exposure that cause each type of health effect? The objective of this study was to review the available scientific evidence on exposure levels for asbestos and their relationship to health effects. METHOD: An umbrella review of English-language reviews and meta-analyses, from 1980 to March 2021 was conducted. We included reviews involving quantified asbestos exposures and health outcomes. The review has been adapted to the indications of the PRISMA declaration. Methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using the AMSTAR instrument. RESULTS: We retrieved 196 references. After applying the search strategy and quality analysis, 10 reviews were selected for in-depth analysis. For lung cancer, the highest risk was observed with exposure to amphiboles. Longer, thinner fibers had the greatest capacity to cause lung cancer, especially those > 10 µm in length. For mesothelioma, longer and thinner fibers were also more pathogenic; amphiboles ≥ 5 µm are especially associated with increased mesothelioma risk. No studies observed an increased risk for lung cancer or mesothelioma at asbestos exposure levels <0.1 f/ml. No reviews provided information on exposure concentrations for pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, there is limited evidence in humans to establish the causal relationship between gastrointestinal cancer and asbestos exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Banning all asbestos exposure remains the best measure to preventing its negative health effects. The highest quality reviews and meta-analyses support that there is little risk of lung cancer or mesothelioma at daily exposure levels below 0.1 f/ml.


Subject(s)
Asbestos , Lung Neoplasms , Mesothelioma , Occupational Exposure , Asbestos/toxicity , Asbestos, Amphibole , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Mesothelioma/chemically induced , Mesothelioma/etiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Risk Assessment
5.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32466862

ABSTRACT

There is debate as to whether olfactory dysfunction should be considered a symptom of COVID-19 infection. We undertook a systematic literature review of the articles indexed in PubMed on olfactory disorders in viral respiratory tract conditions, with special emphasis on COVID-19. The main objective was to find evidence of clinical interest to support the relationship between anosmia and COVID-19. Olfactory disorders in upper respiratory tract infections are frequent, most caused by obstruction due to oedema of the nasal mucosa. Occasionally, post-viral sensorineural olfactory dysfunction occurs, with a variable prognosis. The evidence on anosmia in COVID-19 patients is extremely limited, corresponding to a level 5 or D of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. According to the available evidence, it seems reasonable to apply isolation, hygiene and social distancing measures in patients with recent olfactory disorders as the only symptom, although the usefulness of diagnostic tests for this type of patient should be studied.


Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Testing , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Humans , Hygiene , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Olfactory Mucosa/anatomy & histology , Pandemics , Patient Isolation , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prognosis , Quarantine , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , SARS-CoV-2 , Virus Diseases/complications
6.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp ; 71(6): 379-385, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38620197

ABSTRACT

There is debate as to whether olfactory dysfunction should be considered a symptom of COVID-19 infection. We undertook a systematic literature review of the articles indexed in PubMed on olfactory disorders in viral respiratory tract conditions, with special emphasis on COVID-19. The main objective was to find evidence of clinical interest to support the relationship between anosmia and COVID-19. Olfactory disorders in upper respiratory tract infections are frequent, most caused by obstruction due to oedema of the nasal mucosa. Occasionally, post-viral sensorineural olfactory dysfunction occurs, with a variable prognosis. The evidence on anosmia in COVID-19 patients is extremely limited, corresponding to a level 5 or D of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. According to the available evidence, it seems reasonable to apply isolation, hygiene and social distancing measures in patients with recent olfactory disorders as the only symptom, although the usefulness of diagnostic tests for this type of patient should be studied.

7.
Med. segur. trab ; 64(250): 33-49, ene.-mar. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-179750

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este proyecto es obtener un instrumento de medida para evaluar la cultura preventiva en las instituciones hospitalarias en Cataluña. Al realizar una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica se concluye que no disponemos de ningún instrumento validado que sea útil a este propósito por lo que se decide iniciar el diseño y la validación de un cuestionario en catalán, que permita medir los diferentes aspectos relacionados con la cultura preventiva que los centros aplican en su relación con los trabajadores. Se inicia la fase de diseño a cargo de un grupo de profesionales expertos en la materia hasta obtener un instrumento que cumpla las características de Fiabilidad y Validez que garanticen sus propiedades psicométricas, garantizando un exhaustivo proceso de validación


The aim of this study is to obtain a measuring tool for evaluating health promotion and safety culture in Catalan hospitals institutions. Once a wide bibliographic research was done/ provided, it was concluded that there is no useful validated tool for our purpose objective. In order to evaluate the different subjects related to health promotion and safety culture, it was decided to initiate the design and validation of a new questionnaire written in Catalan language. The initial stage / phase of the questionnaire was designed by an expert professional group in order to initiate the validation process and to obtain a tool easy to understand, with an exhaustive face and content validity which ensures psychometric properties


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services , Organizational Culture , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Health Promotion/standards , Psychometrics , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
8.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 20(4): 214-219, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167803

ABSTRACT

Las dermatosis profesionales incluyen todas las afecciones de la piel, mucosas y anejos cutáneos que son causadas, condicionadas, agravadas o mantenidas de forma directa o indirecta por factores de riesgo presentes en el lugar de trabajo. El médico del trabajo interviene en todas las fases de la historia natural de la enfermedad: prevención, detección precoz, diagnóstico, manejo clínico, asesoramiento a la empresa, consejo y acompañamiento del trabajador/paciente en todas estas etapas. Este trabajo describe cual debe ser el rol del médico del trabajo en todo el proceso, destacando la importancia de la coordinación con el dermatólogo y/o el alergólogo. Uno de los principales ejes de intervención será la gestión de las adaptaciones y/o modificaciones en el entorno laboral que permitan al trabajador mantener una vida laboralmente activa sin exposición a riesgos y/o la reincorporación precoz y segura a su puesto de trabajo


Occupational and work-related skin diseases include all skin conditions (as well as those involving the mucous membranes and cutaneous annexes) that are caused, conditioned, aggravated or promoted directly or indirectly by workplace risk factors. Occupational health physicians (OP) are involved in all phases of the natural history of the disease: prevention, early detection, diagnosis, clinical management, and providing advice and support to the company and the worker in all these stages. This paper provides an in-depth review of the role of the OP throughout this process, underscoring the importance of coordination with the dermatologist and/or the allergist. One of the OP's main interventions is to manage work adaptations and/or modifications to facilitate an active working life, free of hazardous exposures and/or to achieve an early and safe return to work


Subject(s)
Humans , Dermatitis, Occupational/diagnosis , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis , Occupational Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Return to Work , 16359/analysis , Disease Prevention
9.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 20(4): 214-219, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29099994

ABSTRACT

Occupational and work-related skin diseases include all skin conditions (as well as those involving the mucous membranes and cutaneous annexes) that are caused, conditioned, aggravated or promoted directly or indirectly by workplace risk factors. Occupational health physicians (OP) are involved in all phases of the natural history of the disease: prevention, early detection, diagnosis, clinical management, and providing advice and support to the company and the worker in all these stages. This paper provides an in-depth review of the role of the OP throughout this process, underscoring the importance of coordination with the dermatologist and/or the allergist. One of the OP's main interventions is to manage work adaptations and/or modifications to facilitate an active working life, free of hazardous exposures and/or to achieve an early and safe return to work.


Las dermatosis profesionales incluyen todas las afecciones de la piel, mucosas y anejos cutáneos que son causadas, condicionadas, agravadas o mantenidas de forma directa o indirecta por factores de riesgo presentes en el lugar de trabajo. El médico del trabajo interviene en todas las fases de la historia natural de la enfermedad: prevención, detección precoz, diagnóstico, manejo clínico, asesoramiento a la empresa, consejo y acompañamiento del trabajador/paciente en todas estas etapas. Este trabajo describe cual debe ser el rol del médico del trabajo en todo el proceso, destacando la importancia de la coordinación con el dermatólogo y/o el alergólogo. Uno de los principales ejes de intervención será la gestión de las adaptaciones y/o modificaciones en el entorno laboral que permitan al trabajador mantener una vida laboralmente activa sin exposición a riesgos y/o la reincorporación precoz y segura a su puesto de trabajo.

10.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 19(4): 222-230, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156441

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TME) son la primera causa de incapacidad temporal (IT) en España y la segunda en Cataluña. Profundizar en el conocimiento de la IT por TME podría orientar las políticas de protección social y las intervenciones para reducir su frecuencia y duración. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características y duración de los episodios de IT por TME en Cataluña en el periodo 2007-2010. Métodos: Constituyeron la población de estudio todos los episodios de IT por TME en Cataluña iniciados en 2007-2010, registrados en la base de datos del Institut Català d’Avaluacions Mèdiques (ICAM). Del total de 824.646 episodios, se seleccionaron los 607.732 (74%) que tuvieron como diagnóstico uno de los 10 TME más frecuentes. Se analizó la duración mediana de los episodios y las diferencias entre medianas mediante el test U de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis. Se realizó un análisis de supervivencia mediante el estimador Kaplan-Meyer. Resultados: Los diagnósticos de IT por TME más frecuentes fueron la lumbalgia y la cervicalgia. La duración mediana fue superior para los episodios por gonartrosis y tendinitis calcificante de hombro. La duración mediana de los episodios de IT fue superior para el dolor atribuido a un proceso orgánico, en las mujeres (Z=51770950’5; p<0,001), aumentó con la edad (K=17335’72; p<0,001), y fue superior en los trabajadores del régimen de cotización de autónomos (Z=20965263’1; p<0.001) y del sector agrícola-ganadero (K=736’822; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Este estudio revela que la duración de la IT por TME en Cataluña está influenciada por el diagnóstico, factores laborales, la edad y el sexo


Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the leading cause of sickness absence (SA) in Spain and the second in Catalonia. A greater knowledge of this field could allow the refocusing of social protection policies and interventions to reduce their frequency and duration. The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics and duration of SA due to MSD in Catalonia between 2007 and 2010. Methods: The study population included all incident SA episodes due to MSD during the period 2007-2010, registered in the Institut Català d’Avaluacions Mèdiques (ICAM) database.We selected the 10 most frequentMSD (824.646 episodes) and extracted 607.732 (74%) SA episodes. We calculated the median duration of SA and analyzed the differences with Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and studied the differences with a post-hoc test. We also conducted a survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: The most frequent MSD were low back pain and neck pain. Median duration was greater for gonarthrosis and calcific tendonitis of the shoulder. The median duration of SA episodes was greater when pain was due to an organic disorder, in women (Z=51770950,5; p<0,001), increased with age (K=17335,72; p<0,001), and was longer in self-employed workers (Z=20965263,1; p<0.001) and in those working in agriculture and livestock (K=736,822; p<0,001). Conclusions: This study shows that the median duration of SA caused by MSD is influenced by the diagnosis, sex, age, type of work and type of social protection


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Low Back Pain/diagnosis , Neck Pain/diagnosis , Occupational Health , Professional Impairment , Occupational Risks , Spain , Low Back Pain/complications , Neck Pain/complications , Survival Analysis , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Age Factors , Sex Factors
11.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 19(4): 222-230, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27855253

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the leading cause of sickness absence (SA) in Spain and the second in Catalonia. A greater knowledge of this field could allow the refocusing of social protection policies and interventions to reduce their frequency and duration. The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics and duration of SA due to MSD in Catalonia between 2007 and 2010. METHODS: The study population included all incident SA episodes due to MSD during the period 2007-2010, registered in the Institut Català d'AvaluacionsMèdiques (ICAM) database.We selected the 10 most frequentMSD (824.646 episodes) and extracted 607.732 (74%) SA episodes. We calculated the median duration of SA and analyzed the differences with Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and studied the differences with a post-hoc test. We also conducted a survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: The most frequent MSD were low back pain and neck pain. Median duration was greater for gonarthrosis and calcific tendonitis of the shoulder. The median duration of SA episodes was greater when pain was due to an organic disorder, in women (Z=51770950,5; p<0,001), increased with age (K=17335,72; p<0,001), and was longer in self-employed workers (Z=20965263,1; p<0.001) and in those working in agriculture and livestock (K=736,822; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the median duration of SA caused by MSD is influenced by the diagnosis, sex, age, type of work and type of social protection.


Los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TME) son la primera causa de incapacidad temporal (IT) en España y la segunda en Cataluña. Profundizar en el conocimiento de la IT por TME podría orientar las políticas de protección social y las intervenciones para reducir su frecuencia y duración. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características y duración de los episodios de IT por TME en Cataluña en el periodo 2007-2010. MÉTODOS: Constituyeron la población de estudio todos los episodios de IT por TME en Cataluña iniciados en 2007- 2010, registrados en la base de datos del Institut Català d'Avaluacions Mèdiques (ICAM). Del total de 824.646 episodios, se seleccionaron los 607.732 (74%) que tuvieron como diagnóstico uno de los 10 TME más frecuentes. Se analizó la duración mediana de los episodios y las diferencias entre medianas mediante el test U de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis. Se realizó un análisis de supervivencia mediante el estimador Kaplan-Meyer.

12.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 19(1): 15-21, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27250623

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and evolution of sickness absence (SA) for non-occupational and occupational illness/injury in the population of workers in Catalonian Health Centers based on the definition of a set of common indicators. METHODS: The study population consisted of 25,964 workers from 30 health centers in Catalonia, during 2009-2012. Information on SA episodes was obtained from records of the Directorate of Human Resources. SA indicators were defined, and SA incidence rates and temporal evolution were calculated, depending on the length and type of episode, and the size and activity of health centers. RESULTS: SA incidence rates for non-occupational illness and injury showed a decreasing trend during 2009-2012. Smaller centers had lower SA rates for non-occupational conditions than larger centers (p〈0.001). Social health centers had higher SA rates of non-occupational illness and injury, especially those with a very short duration (p〈0.001). Primary care centers had the lowest SA occupational illness and injury rates, with the highest rates occurring in the social health centers, especially long-term centers (p〈0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The differences in incidence rates of SA detected by type of activity of the health centers could be due to differences in working conditions.


OBJETIVO: Describir la incidencia y evolución de la incapacidad temporal (IT) por contingencias comunes y profesionales en la población trabajadora de los centros sanitarios de Cataluña. MÉTODOS: La población de estudio estuvo constituida por los 25.964 trabajadores de 30 centros sanitarios de Cataluña, durante el período 2009-2012. La información sobre los episodios de IT se obtuvo de los registros de las Direcciones de Recursos Humanos. Se definieron unos indicadores de IT, y se calcularon las tasas de incidencia de IT y la evolución temporal, según la duración y tipo de episodio, y el tamaño y actividad de los centros sanitarios. RESULTADOS: La evolución temporal de las tasas de incidencia de IT por contingencia común mostró una tendencia a la disminución en el período 2009-2012. Los centros de pequeño tamaño tuvieron tasa de IT por contingencia común inferior que los de mayor tamaño (p〈0,001). Los centros sociosanitarios son los que presentaron mayores tasas de IT por contingencia común, especialmente la de muy corta duración (p〈0,001). Los centros de atención primaria tuvieron las tasas más bajas de IT por contingencia profesional siendo la más elevada la de los centros sociosanitarios, especialmente la de larga duración (p〈0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Las diferencias observadas en las tasas de incidencia de IT según el tipo de actividad del centro sanitario podrían deberse a diferencias en las condiciones de trabajo.

14.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 17(1): 18-25, ene.-mar. 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-118997

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: El reconocimiento de enfermedades profesionales (EP) en España es muy deficiente. En 2010 se creó la Unidad de Patología Laboral del Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR) para identificar y comunicar las sospechas de EP entre los pacientes del hospital. El objetivo del estudio es describir la actividad de esta Unidad de Patología Laboral entre 2010 y 2012.Métodos: Los casos evaluados procedieron de interconsultas de servicios clínicos del PSMAR a la Unidad de Patología Laboral y revisiones retrospectivas del registro de altas hospitalarias durante el periodo 2010-2012. Para cada caso se evaluó sistemáticamente la relación entre las exposiciones laborales y el/los problema/as de salud teniendo en cuenta la evidencia científica. Se analizó la frecuencia de casos y el valor predictivo positivo (VP+) e intervalos de confianza del 95%(IC95%) del proceso de su confirmación como casos sospechosos de EP según su procedencia, grupo diagnóstico, edad y sexo. Resultados: De los 140 pacientes con sospecha inicial de EP identificados en la Unidad de Patología Laboral, 47%(n=66) procedieron de revisiones retrospectivas del registro de altas hospitalarias y 74 de interconsultas. El 54% fueron cánceres, 21% hipoacusias, 16% patología músculo-esquelética, 6% dermatológica, 2% de vías respiratorias y 1% neurológica. Se confirmó la sospecha de EP en 34 de estos casos. El VP+ para los casos procedentes de las interconsultas fue del 39% (IC95%=27,39-50,99) y de las revisiones retrospectivas del 7,6% (IC95%=0,43-14,72). Conclusiones: Los hospitales pueden contribuir a la identificación de sospechas de EP, siendo su comunicación por los servicios clínicos a una unidad clínica especializada en medicina del trabajo la estrategia más aconsejable


Objectives: Official recognition of occupational diseases (OD) in Spain is very poor. In 2010, the Occupational Disease Unit (ODU) of Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR) was created to identify and report the suspect of OD among hospital patients. The aim of the study is to analyze the activity of the Occupational Disease Unit between 2010 and 2012.Methods: Patients evaluated by the Occupational Disease Unit were identified through referrals from clinical services and retrospective reviews of selected pathologies from the hospital discharge register in the period 2010-2012. Cases are evaluated systematically, using an evidence-based approach to assess the relationship between occupational exposures and disease. We analyze the frequency of cases together with the positive predictive value (PPV) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the confirmation procedure as suspected cases of OD according to the case origin, diagnostic group, age and sex. Results: From a total of 140 patients with suspected OD identified by the Occupational Disease Unit, 47% were located through retrospective reviews of the hospital discharge registries (n=66) and the remainder from clinical services referrals(n=74). Among these cases 54% were cancers, 21% hearing losses, 16% musculoskeletal disorders, 6% dermatological diseases, 2% respiratory tract diseases and 1% neurological diseases. The Occupational Disease Unit confirmed suspected OD in 34 cases. The PPV for cases referred from clinical services was 39% (95% CI = 27.39-50.99) and 7.6% (95% CI =0.43-14.72) for the discharge register retrospective review. Conclusion: Hospitals can contribute to the identification of OD, and referral of suspected OD by clinical services to a specialized occupational medicine unit is recommended as the most appropriate strategy


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Risks , Hospital Communication Systems/organization & administration , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Accidents Registry , Diseases Registries
15.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 17(1): 18-25, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24458206

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Official recognition of occupational diseases (OD) in Spain is very poor. In 2010, the Occupational Disease Unit (ODU) of Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR) was created to identify and report the suspect of OD among hospital patients. The aim of the study is to analyze the activity of the Occupational Disease Unit between 2010 and 2012. METHODS: Patients evaluated by the Occupational Disease Unit were identified through referrals from clinical services and retrospective reviews of selected pathologies from the hospital discharge register in the period 2010-2012. Cases are evaluated systematically, using an evidence-based approach to assess the relationship between occupational exposures and disease. We analyze the frequency of cases together with the positive predictive value (PPV) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the confirmation procedure as suspected cases of OD according to the case origin, diagnostic group, age and sex. RESULTS: From a total of 140 patients with suspected OD identified by the Occupational Disease Unit, 47% were located through retrospective reviews of the hospital discharge registries (n=66) and the remainder from clinical services referrals (n=74). Among these cases 54% were cancers, 21% hearing losses, 16% musculoskeletal disorders, 6% dermatological diseases, 2% respiratory tract diseases and 1% neurological diseases. The Occupational Disease Unit confirmed suspected OD in 34 cases. The PPV for cases referred from clinical services was 39% (95% CI = 27.39-50.99) and 7.6% (95% CI = 0.43-14.72) for the discharge register retrospective review. CONCLUSION: Hospitals can contribute to the identification of OD, and referral of suspected OD by clinical services to a specialized occupational medicine unit is recommended as the most appropriate strategy.


OBJETIVOS: El reconocimiento de enfermedades profesionales (EP) en España es muy deficiente. En 2010 se creó la Unidad de Patología Laboral del Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR) para identificar y comunicar las sospechas de EP entre los pacientes del hospital. El objetivo del estudio es describir la actividad de esta Unidad de Patología Laboral entre 2010 y 2012. MÉTODOS: Los casos evaluados procedieron de interconsultas de servicios clínicos del PSMAR a la Unidad de Patología Laboral y revisiones retrospectivas del registro de altas hospitalarias durante el periodo 2010-2012. Para cada caso se evaluó sistemáticamente la relación entre las exposiciones laborales y el/los problema/as de salud teniendo en cuenta la evidencia científica. Se analizó la frecuencia de casos y el valor predictivo positivo (VP+) e intervalos de confianza del 95%(IC95%) del proceso de su confirmación como casos sospechosos de EP según su procedencia, grupo diagnóstico, edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: De los 140 pacientes con sospecha inicial de EP identificados en la Unidad de Patología Laboral, 47% (n=66) procedieron de revisiones retrospectivas del registro de altas hospitalarias y 74 de interconsultas. El 54% fueron cánceres, 21% hipoacusias, 16% patología músculo-esquelética, 6% dermatológica, 2% de vías respiratorias y 1% neurológica. Se confirmó la sospecha de EP en 34 de estos casos. El VP+ para los casos procedentes de las interconsultas fue del 39% (IC95%=27,39-50,99) y de las revisiones retrospectivas del 7,6% (IC95%=0,43-14,72). CONCLUSIONES: Los hospitales pueden contribuir a la identificación de sospechas de EP, siendo su comunicación por los servicios clínicos a una unidad clínica especializada en medicina del trabajo la estrategia más aconsejable.


Subject(s)
Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Tertiary Healthcare , Female , Hospital Units , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
16.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 87(4): 407-17, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24100778

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In terms of tobacco consumption, health workers have been considered as reference group, however smoking prevalence in this group is higher than in general population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of tobacco consumption among workers of a health institution in Catalonia during a period of 10 years (2001-2011), and to describe their characteristics. METHODS: The questionnaire on tobacco consumption prevalence was validated, and was administered in 2001, 2004, 2008 and 2011. A random sampling was carried out in two acute care institutions. The characteristics of the study sample and the differences between smokers were analyzed using the chi-square test for linear trend. A logistic regression model was performed including all the surveys. RESULTS: The smoking prevalence among health care workers for 2001, 2004, 2008 and 2011, was 30.00%, 34.42%, 36.21% and 29.42%, respectively. Women had the highest consumption prevalence (33,40%). Tobacco smoking decreased in medical staff, from 25.97% in 2001, to 18.88% in 2011 (p=0.005), and in nurses from 35,15% in 2001 to 25.61% in 2011 (p=0.007), but not among the administrative staff. CONCLUSION: Overall and for the first time, smoking prevalence in health workers begins to decrease. However, it does not decrease in the same way among all types of healthcare workers and the prevalence remains high when compared with the population prevalence. This consumption reduction coincides with the measures introduced by the program after the legislative changes.


Subject(s)
Personnel, Hospital/trends , Smoking/trends , Tobacco Use/trends , Adult , Data Collection , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Sex Distribution , Smoking/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Use/epidemiology
17.
Salud Publica Mex ; 55(1): 57-66, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23370259

ABSTRACT

The simple translation of a questionnaire may lead to misinterpretation due to language and cultural differences. When using questionnaires developed in other countries and languages in scientific studies it is necessary, besides the translation, to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation and validation. Our objective was to review the literature on cross-cultural adaptation and validation (CCAV) of health questionnaires, and to synthesize and propose recommendations based on the scientific literature to facilitate this process. The CCAV should follow a systematic process. Two steps are recommended: 1) cross-cultural adaptation: direct translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee consolidation and pre-testing, and 2) validation (with up to seven steps): assessment of internal consistency, reliability, intra- and inter-observer reliability, face, content, criterion and construct validity. Lack of equivalence between questionnaires limits the comparability of results among populations with different cultures and languages and the exchange of information in the scientific community.


Subject(s)
Cultural Characteristics , Health Surveys , Surveys and Questionnaires , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Translations
18.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(1): 57-66, ene.-feb.. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-662975

ABSTRACT

La traducción simple de un cuestionario puede dar lugar a interpretaciones erróneas debido a diferencias culturales y de lenguaje. Cuando se utilicen cuestionarios desarrollados en otros países e idiomas en estudios científicos, además de traducirlos, es necesaria su adaptación cultural y validación. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la literatura sobre la traducción, adaptación cultural y validación (TACV) de cuestionarios de salud, y sintetizar y proponer recomendaciones basadas en la literatura científica que faciliten este proceso. La TACV debe seguir un proceso sistematizado, por lo que se recomiendan dos etapas: a) adaptación cultural: traducción directa, síntesis, traducción inversa, consolidación por comité de expertos y pre-test, y b) validación (con hasta siete pasos): evaluación de la consistencia interna, fiabilidad intra e interobservador, validez lógica, de contenido, criterio y constructo. La falta de equivalencia de los cuestionarios limita las posibilidades de comparación entre poblaciones con idiomas o culturas diferentes y el intercambio de información en la comunidad científica.


The simple translation of a questionnaire may lead to misinterpretation due to language and cultural differences. When using questionnaires developed in other countries and languages in scientific studies it is necessary, besides the translation, to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation and validation. Our objective was to review the literature on cross-cultural adaptation and validation (CCAV) of health questionnaires, and to synthesize and propose recommendations based on the scientific literature to facilitate this process. The CCAV should follow a systematic process. Two steps are recommended: 1) cross-cultural adaptation: direct translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee consolidation and pre-testing, and 2) validation (with up to seven steps): assessment of internal consistency, reliability, intra- and inter-observer reliability, face, content, criterion and construct validity. Lack of equivalence between questionnaires limits the comparability of results among populations with different cultures and languages and the exchange of information in the scientific community.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cultural Characteristics , Health Surveys , Surveys and Questionnaires , Guidelines as Topic , Reproducibility of Results , Translations
19.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 14(2): 88-95, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88587

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la exposición a polvo de tiza y trastornos respiratoriosen un colectivo de maestros.Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado entre enero y mayo de 2010 a una muestra de 420 maestros de siete colegios delas provincias de Barcelona, Girona, Navarra y Valencia que contestaron un cuestionario auto-cumplimentado sobre factoresdeterminantes de la exposición a polvo de tiza y trastornos respiratorios. Se evaluaron las asociaciones entre seis variablesindicadoras de exposición a polvo de tiza y siete variables relacionadas con efectos adversos sobre el aparato respiratorio.Se calcularon odds ratio de prevalencia (ORP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) mediante regresión logísticamultivariada, ajustando por las variables sexo, edad, hábito tabáquico e índice de masa corporal.Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue del 96,7%. El 68% de los maestros usaban tiza durante al menos una hora al díay un 24% sacudía el borrador en clase. Los trastornos más prevalentes fueron afonía, sintomatología frecuente de vías altas(SFRS) y bronquitis crónica. Sacudir y/o usar frecuentemente el borrador y/o usar tiza en clase se asoció significativamentea una mayor prevalencia de sibilancias (ORPa=4,04; IC95%=1,73-9,42), infecciones respiratorias frecuentes (IRF)(ORPa=5,64; IC95%=1,32-24,04), SFRS (ORPa=2,42; IC95%=1,33-4,43) y afonía (ORPa=1,75; IC95%=1,01-3,04). Parasibilancias, IRF, SFRS y afonía la prevalencia disminuyó con la edad.Conclusiones: Los trastornos respiratorios se asocian a la exposición al polvo de tiza. La relación inversa con la edadpara sibilancias, IRF, SFRS y afonía sugiere un efecto de selección, debiéndose investigar si hay maestros que abandonan laprofesión por motivos de salud respiratoria(AU)


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between exposure to chalk dust and respiratory tractsymptoms and diseases in a sample of school teachers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between January and May 2010, in a sample of 420 teachers of sevenschools from Barcelona, Girona, Navarra and Valencia who answered a self-administrated questionnaire, focused on determinantsof chalk dust occupational exposure, respiratory disorders and demographic variables. We evaluated the associationsbetween six variables related with determinants of chalk dust occupational exposure and seven respiratory tract symptomsand diseases. Odds ratio of prevalence (ORP) and confidence intervals 95% (IC 95%) were calculated using multivariatelogistic regressions to assess the associations, adjusting by the variables sex, age, smoking and body mass index (BMI).Results: Overall survey response rate was 96.7%. The percentage of teachers who used chalk for at least an hour a day was68% and 24% indicated shaking the eraser in class to eliminate the adhered dust. The most prevalent disorders were hoarseness,frequent upper respiratory tract symptoms (FURS) and chronic bronchitis. Shaking and/or frequent use of the eraser and/or using chalk in class was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of wheezing (ORPa=4.04;IC95%=1.73-9.42),frequent respiratory infections (FRI) (ORPa=5.64;IC95%=1.32-24.04), FURS (ORPa=2.42;IC95%=1.33-4.43), and hoarseness(ORPa=1.75;IC95%=1.01-3.04). The prevalence of wheezing, FRI, FURS and hoarseness decreased with age.Conclusions: Respiratory disorders are associated with exposure to chalk dust among teachers. The inverse relationshipwith age for wheezing, FRI, FURS and hoarseness suggests a selection effect, and justifies research to determine whetherteachers are leaving the profession because of respiratory health(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Risks , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Kaolin/adverse effects , Respiration Disorders/chemically induced , Risk Factors , Occupational Exposure , Faculty
20.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 84(1): 61-9, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20376414

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study analyze the duration of episodes of work absence due to non work-related diseases in Catalonia by health regions, assuming a homogeneous distribution of durations between health regions. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 811.790 episodes in 2005 and followed to episode closure through July 2007 provided by the Institut Català d'Avaluacions Mèdiques, describing their median duration (MD) in days for each of the seven health regions of Catalonia. The probability of returning to work was plotted according to Wang_Chang survival curves and median durations were then compared using the Barcelona health region as the referent group. Results were extended through stratification by sex. RESULTS: The Camp de Tarragona health region had the shortest MD (5 days), while the episodes in the Alt Pirineu i Aran region had the longest (MD, 13 days). The Barcelona health region had a MD of 7 days as was the case for Cataluña Central. MD in Girona was 8 days, and in Lleida and Terres de l'Ebre it was 9 days. This latter region also had the highest median duration 13 days. CONCLUSIONS: The are significant differences in the duration of work absence between the health regions of Catalonia. These differences persisted after adjusting for age, management of episodes and social security system status, in both men and women.


Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Sick Leave , Social Security , Age Factors , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Probability , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Spain , Time Factors
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